1、 Floor bearing plate

It is also called steel bearing plate and building profiled steel plate. It is made of galvanized steel plate by rolling and cold bending. Its cross section is V-shaped, U-shaped, trapezoidal or similar wave forms. It is mainly used as permanent formwork and can also be selected for other purposes.

In the use stage, as the tensile reinforcement of concrete floor, the floor support plate also improves the floor stiffness and saves the amount of reinforcement and concrete.

The embossing on the surface of the profiled plate can produce the maximum binding force between the floor bearing plate and the concrete, and make the two form a whole. With the stiffening rib, the floor bearing plate system has high-strength bearing capacity.

Profiled steel plate composite plate (floor bearing plate, steel bearing plate) is a very reasonable structural form. It can give full play to the advantages of steel tensile strength and concrete compression performance according to the location and characteristics of its components, and has good seismic performance and construction performance.This kind of structure is widely used in high-rise buildings at home and abroad.

Comparison between floor bearing plate and ordinary reinforced concrete floor

1. The floor bearing plate can be used as the permanent formwork of cast-in-place concrete, which saves the process of installing and removing the formwork in the construction;

2. At the same time, it is not necessary to use the temporary support plate as the construction plane of the next floor;

3. The floor support plate can be used as the bottom reinforcement of the floor, which reduces the workload of installing the plate reinforcement;

4. According to the different interface shapes of the profiled slab, the concrete consumption of the floor can be reduced by 30% at most, and the weight of the floor can be reduced, and the size of the beam, column and foundation can be reduced correspondingly, so as to improve the overall performance of the structure;

2、 I-section steel

Steel beam is a long steel bar with I-section.The specification is expressed in mm of waist height (H) × leg width (b) × waist thickness (d). For example, “I 160 * 88 * 6″ means I-section steel with waist height of 160 mm, leg width of 88 mm and waist thickness of 6 mm.I-beam is divided into ordinary I-beam, light I-beam and H-beam.

The flange of common I-section steel and light-duty I-section steel gradually thinned from the root to the edge, with a certain angle.Because of their relatively high and narrow section size, the moment of inertia of the two main sleeves of the section is quite different. Therefore, they are generally only used for members bent in the web plane or composed of lattice members.It is not used for the axial compression members or the bending members perpendicular to the web plane, which has a great limitation in the application range.

I-beam is widely used in various building structures, bridges, vehicles, supports, machinery, etc.

3、 C-section steel

All of them are processed by hot rolling plate and cold bending, and are processed automatically by C-shaped steel forming machine.

Compared with traditional channel steel, the same strength can save 30% material.

C-type steel purlins are divided into five specifications according to the height: 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160. The length can be determined according to the engineering design, but considering the transportation and installation conditions, the total length is generally no more than 12 meters.

C-section steel is widely used in purlins and wall beams of steel structure buildings. It can also be combined into lightweight roof truss, bracket and other building components.In addition, it can also be used for columns, beams and arms in mechanical light industry manufacturing.

4、 H-beam

It is a kind of economic section steel with better mechanical properties, which is developed from I-section steel, especially the section is the same as the English letter “H”.H-beam is divided into wide flange steel (HW), middle flange H-beam (HM), narrow flange H-beam (HN), thin-walled H-beam (HT) and H-beam (HU).

H-beam is a new type of economic building steel.Compared with ordinary I-beam, H-beam has the advantages of large section modulus, light weight and saving metal, which can reduce 30-40% of building structure. Moreover, because the inner and outer sides of legs are horizontal, leg ends are right angle, the welding and riveting workload can be saved up to 25%.It is often used in the support and foundation pile of large-scale buildings with large bearing capacity and good section stability.

Advantages of H-beam

(1) The flange is wide and the lateral stiffness is large.Strong bending resistance.

(2) The two surfaces of the flange are parallel to each other, which makes the connection, processing and installation easy. 

(3) Compared with the welded I-beam, it has the advantages of low cost, high precision, small residual stress, no need of expensive welding materials and weld inspection, and saves about 30% of the production cost of steel structure. 

(4) Under the same section load, the weight of hot rolled H steel structure is 15% – 20% less than that of traditional steel structure. 

(5) Compared with the concrete structure, the hot-rolled H-steel structure can increase the service area by 6%, reduce the dead weight by 20% – 30%, and reduce the design internal force of the structure.

(6) H-shaped steel can be processed into T-section steel, and honeycomb beam can be combined to form various cross-section forms, which greatly meets the requirements of engineering design and production.

5、 Difference of I-beam HW HM HN H-beam

I-beam flange is variable cross-section, close to the web thickness, thin outside; H-beam flange is constant section, HW, HM, HN, h is the general name of H-beam, H-beam is welded; HW, hm-hn is hot-rolled, HW is H-beam, the height and flange width are basically the same, mainly used in reinforced concrete frame structure column, also known as steel column; in steel structure, it is mainly used for column.

HM is an H-beam with a height to flange width ratio of 1.33 to 1.75, which is mainly used in steel structures as steel frame columns and as frame beams in frame structures bearing dynamic loads, such as equipment platforms.

HN is H-beam whose height to flange width ratio is greater than or equal to 2, which is mainly used for beams;

 1Because the section size is relatively high and narrow, the moment of inertia of the two main sleeves of the section is quite different, so it can only be directly used in the bending member in the web plane or form a lattice load-bearing member.It is not suitable for axial compression members or bending members perpendicular to the web plane, which limits its application.

 2H-section steel is a kind of high-efficiency and economic cutting profile (others are cold-formed thin-walled steel, profiled steel plate, etc.) because of the reasonable cross-section shape, they can make the steel more efficient and improve the cutting capacity.Different from the common I-section, the flange of H-beam is widened, and the inner and outer surfaces are usually parallel, so that it can be easily connected with other components by high-strength screw.It has reasonable size and complete models, which is convenient for design and selection.

   3The flange of H-beam and H-beam are of equal thickness, with rolling section and combined section composed of 3 plates.I-beams are all rolled sections. Due to poor production technology, the inner edge of flange has a slope of 1:10.Because the rolling process of vertical roll and H roll is very complex, there is only one set of horizontal rolling equipment.The maximum height of rolled H-beam that can be produced in China is 800mm, which is more than that of welded composite section. 

6、 Square tube

Square tube is a kind of hollow square section light thin-walled steel pipe, also known as steel cold-formed profiles.It is a section steel with square cross-section shape and size, which is made of Q235 hot-rolled or cold-rolled strip or coil as the base material after cold bending and high-frequency welding.In addition to the wall thickness thickening, the corner size and edge flatness of hot-rolled extra thick wall square pipe reach or even exceed the level of resistance welding cold formed square pipe.It has good comprehensive mechanical properties, weldability, cold and hot working properties and corrosion resistance, and has good low temperature toughness.

Performance of square tube 

1.Plastic plasticity refers to the ability of metal materials to produce plastic deformation (permanent deformation) without damage under load.

2.Hardness and hardness is the indicator to measure the hardness and softness of metal materials.At present, the most commonly used method to determine the hardness in production is the indentation hardness method. It uses a certain geometric shape of the indenter to press into the surface of the tested metal material under a certain load, and then determines the hardness value according to the degree of indentation. 

The common methods are Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC) and Vickers hardness (HV).

3.The strength, plasticity and hardness discussed above are the mechanical properties of metals under static load.In fact, many machine parts work under the cyclic load, under which the parts will produce fatigue. 

4.Impact toughness the load acting on the machine parts at a high speed is called impact load, and the ability of metal to resist damage under impact load is called impact toughness.

5.Strength strength refers to the ability of metal materials to resist failure (excessive plastic deformation or fracture) under static load.Because the action mode of load has the form of tension, compression, bending, shear, so the strength is also divided into tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, shear strength and so on.There is a certain relationship between various strengths, and tensile strength is usually used as the most basic strength indicator in use.

The use of square tube includes construction, machinery manufacturing, steel construction and other projects, shipbuilding, solar power generation bracket, steel structure engineering, electric power engineering, power plant, agricultural and chemical machinery, glass curtain wall, automobile chassis, airport,Boiler construction, highway railings, housing construction, pressure vessels, oil storage tanks, bridges, power station equipment, lifting and transportation machinery and other high load welding structures. 

7、 Round tube

Steel with open ends and hollow concentric circle section, and its length is larger than that of surrounding steel.The specification of round pipe is expressed by external dimension (e.g. outer diameter or side length), inner diameter and wall thickness, and its size ranges from capillary tube with small diameter to large round pipe with diameter up to several meters.

Round pipe can be used in pipeline, thermal equipment, mechanical industry, petroleum geological drilling, container, chemical industry and special purpose.According to the size of the commonly used structural round steel, the small ones are used for decoration components, assembling roof trusses, supporting members, grid frames and pipe trusses, and the large ones can be used for steel tube concrete column of Chongqing Iron and steel plant and pipe truss of large stadium; the other main use of round steel is process pipe, but there are special material and anti-corrosion requirements.