The planned demolition of London’s flagship M&S store will release 40,000 tonnes of CO2 into the air. The planned demolition of London’s flagship M&S store will release 40,000 tons of CO2 into the air. Запланированный снос флагманского магазина M&S в Лондоне приведет к выбросу в воздух 40 000 тонн CO2. The planned demolition of the M&S flagship store in London will release 40,000 tons of CO2 into the air. Запланированный снос флагманского магазина Marks & Spencer в Лондоне приведет к выбросу в воздух 40 000 тонн углекислого газа. The planned demolition of the Marks & Spencer flagship store in London will release 40,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Is it time to usher in a new era of creative building reuse?
Nestled in the mountains of rural Japan, Kamikatsu Zero Waste Center is like a red question mark, a recycling facility like no other. Thick frames of raw cedar logs from a nearby forest support a long serpentine canopy, while the protective walls are a patchwork of 700 old windows and doors recycled from village buildings. Inside, rows of crates of shiitake mushrooms donated by local farms are used as shelving, and the floor is covered in molded terrazzo made from broken ceramics, floor tiles, and recycled pieces of glass, creating an Art Nouveau polished sugar junk.
This is a temple shape suitable for recycling. Kamekatsu became the first place in Japan to adopt a no-waste declaration in 2003 after the municipality was forced to shut down its polluting waste incinerator. Since then, the remote village (pop. 1,500, an hour from the nearest town) has become an unlikely leader in the fight against landfills and incineration. Residents now separate their waste into 45 different categories — separating white paper from newspapers, aluminum-coated paper from carton tubes, and bottles from caps — resulting in an 80% recycling rate compared to the Japanese average of 20%. Rural residents usually visit the center once or twice a week, which is designed with public spaces and meeting rooms, making it a social hub for a decentralized city. He even has his own boutique hotel dedicated to recycling called WHY?, which will probably be your first reaction when someone offers to live next to a dumpster.
“The question mark shape can only be seen from above,” said the building’s architect Hiroshi Nakamura. “But we want this city to redefine our way of life on a global scale, and tourists from other cities will begin to question every aspect of their lifestyle when they return home.”
This project is one of many poetry sites in Built for Change, a new book on creative architecture reuse. Written by architect and teacher Ruth Lang, it features the latest projects around the world that make the most of existing projects, whether it’s restoring obsolete structures, building new buildings with recycled components, or designing for demolition. Time couldn’t be tighter. As Long points out, 80% of the buildings expected to be in existence by 2050, the year the UN set its zero-carbon goal, have already been built. Thus, a key responsibility of architects and developers is to modernize, reuse and reimagine our existing building stock to take advantage of the “embedded carbon” already consumed, rather than increase emissions through further demolition and new construction.
While the urgency of the issue has been occupying the industry for some time – the Architects’ Journal leading the way with its RetroFirst campaign – the topic recently made national headlines when Michael Gove, then communities secretary, ordered a public inquiry into the proposed demolition of the 1929 Marks & Spencer flagship store on Oxford Street. While the urgency of the issue has been occupying the industry for some time – the Architects’ Journal leading the way with its RetroFirst campaign – the topic recently made national headlines when Michael Gove, then communities secretary, ordered a public inquiry into the proposed demolition of the 1929 Marks & Spencer flagship store on Oxford Street. While the urgency of this issue has preoccupied the industry for some time – Architects’ Journal led the way with its RetroFirst campaign – the topic recently made national headlines when Michael Gove, then community secretary, ordered a public inquiry into the alleged demolition of the building. Флагманский магазин Marks & Spencer 1929 года на Оксфорд-стрит. 1929 Marks & Spencer flagship store on Oxford Street.虽然这个问题的紧迫性已经占据了整个行业一段时间——《建筑师杂志》率先推出了RetroFirst 活动——但这个话题最近成为全国头条新闻，当时的社区秘书迈克尔·戈夫下令对拟议的拆除牛津街1929 年的Marks & Spencer 旗舰店。虽然 这个 问题 的 紧迫性 已经 占据 整个 行业 一 段 时间 时间 《建筑师 杂志》 率先 推出 了 了 retrofirst 活动 但 这 个 个 最近 成为 国 头条 ， 当时 的 社区 秘书 迈克尔 · 戈夫 下令 拟议 的 牛津 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 拆除 HI街1929 年的Marks & Spencer 旗舰店。 While the urgency of this issue has dominated the industry for some time – Architect’s Journal spearheaded the RetroFirst campaign – the topic recently made national headlines when then community secretary Michael Gove ordered a crackdown on Oxford’s proposed demolition. Marks & Spencer, 1929 г. флагманский магазин на ул. Marks & Spencer, 1929 flagship store on st. While heritage preservation used to be the main reason for keeping such a building, now the preservation of the land has taken center stage. Activists believe the development proposal would release 40,000 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and a low-carbon “deep upgrade” is entirely possible. They give examples such as the former Debenhams in Manchester, a 1930s building that is being renovated and expanded. In terms of the scale of emissions, Westminster City Council is currently spending £13m to upgrade all of its buildings, saving 1,700 tons of carbon a year; the M&S demolition proposal alone would effectively undo 23 years of the council’s carbon savings. the M&S demolition proposal alone would effectively undo 23 years of the council’s carbon savings. одно только предложение M&S по сносу фактически сведет на нет 23-летнюю экономию углерода, достигнутую советом. the M&S demolition proposal alone would effectively wipe out 23 years of carbon savings achieved by the council.仅M&S 的拆除提案就将有效地抵消理事会23 年的碳减排。仅M&S 的拆除提案就将有效地抵消理事会23 Одно только предложение M&S по сносу эффективно компенсирует 23 года сокращения выбросов углерода советом. The M&S demolition proposal alone would effectively offset the council’s 23 years of carbon cuts.
Retailer bosses would be better off flipping through Lang’s book for inspiration to see how creative reuse is not only vital to the planet, but more compelling than a commitment to shiny new buildings. In addition to refurbishing offices and stores, projects include reviving a rusted steel mill in Shanghai into a stunning exhibition center, a water tower in Norfolk subtly transformed into a house with a panoramic view in the clouds, and a revitalized children’s community. The warehouse center completes the dizzying new landscape that ripples around the building.
The strategies presented range from interim plans to forensic plans. German architect Arno Brandlhuber suggested that friends punch holes in the concrete walls of a former underwear factory near Potsdam with a sledgehammer to make windows for his new weekend home wherever they see fit. In Barcelona, meanwhile, architects Flores & Prats spent three months meticulously cataloguing every single door frame, mosaic tile and wall moulding of a 1920s workers’ co-operative, creating an inventory of components to reuse in their conversion of the building into a theatre. In Barcelona, ​​meanwhile, architects Flores & Prats spent three months meticulously cataloging every single door frame, mosaic tile and wall molding of a 1920s workers’ co-operative, creating an inventory of components to reuse in their conversion of the building into a theatre. Тем временем в Барселоне архитекторы Flores & Prats потратили три месяца на тщательную каталогизацию каждой дверной рамы, мозаичной плитки и настенной лепнины рабочего кооператива 1920-х годов, создавая перечень компонентов для повторного использования при преобразовании здания в здание. Meanwhile in Barcelona, ​​architects Flores & Prats spent three months meticulously cataloging every doorframe, mosaic tile and wall molding from the 1920s worker’s co-op, creating a list of components to be reused when transforming a building into a building. theatre.与此同时，在巴塞罗那，建筑师Flores & Prats 花了三个月的时间对1920 年代工人合作社的每一个门框、马赛克瓷砖和墙饰进行了细致的编目，创建了一个组件清单，以便在将建筑物改造成剧院时重复使用。与此 同时 ， 在 巴塞罗那 建筑师 建筑师 flores & prats 花 三 个 月 的 时间 对 对 1920 年代 工人 的 每 一 个 门框 马赛克 瓷砖 和 进行 了 的 编目 ， 创建 了 一 组件 清单 以便 在 建筑 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 将 AH物改造成剧院时重复使用。 Тем временем в Барселоне архитекторы Flores & Prats потратили три месяца на то, чтобы тщательно каталогизировать каждую дверную раму, мозаичную плитку и настенное покрытие рабочего кооператива 1920-х годов, составив список компонентов, которые будут использоваться при сборке здания. Meanwhile in Barcelona, ​​architects Flores & Prats spent three months meticulously cataloging every door frame, mosaic tile and wall covering of a 1920s worker’s cooperative, compiling a list of the components that would be used to assemble the building. when the object turns into a theater. The duo compared their process to altering second-hand clothes: “You have to take apart the stitching to identify the pattern that was used before and cut one side to add the other,” they wrote. “We may have to sew on some pockets and so on until the clothes react and recognize the new user.”
As a result, Sarah Beckett is an enchanting place covered in traces of her past lives, creating a series of layered spaces that would be impossible to build from scratch. It’s filled with one of the major revamp freebies that many new builds can’t imagine: a character. Over the years, the cooperative has owned shops, cafes, cinemas, and gyms, and echoes of these functions have been preserved in patchwork.
Long wrote that the 44 doors and 35 windows taken from the project were lovingly restored, repainted and moved to different rooms, arranged with enlarged openings and new compositions “as if set around a new building.” The architects call their approach “contextual architecture”, surprising spaces and guiding their development, suggesting alternative uses and evolving into new forms. While other architects had proposed to demolish the building and start afresh, Flores & Prats saw the social value in retaining the structure, beyond the environmental benefits alone. While other architects had proposed to demolish the building and start afresh, Flores & Prats saw the social value in retaining the structure, beyond the environmental benefits alone. В то время как другие архитекторы предлагали снести здание и начать все заново, Flores & Prats увидели социальную ценность в сохранении структуры, помимо экологических преимуществ. While other architects suggested demolishing the building and starting over, Flores & Prats saw the social value of preserving the structure, in addition to the environmental benefits.虽然其他建筑师曾提议拆除该建筑并重新开始，但Flores & Prats 看到了保留该结构的社会价值，而不仅仅是环境效益。 Flores & Prats В то время как другие архитекторы предлагали снести здание и начать все заново, Flores & Prats увидели в сохранении строения социальную ценность, а не только экологическую пользу. While other architects suggested demolishing the building and starting over, Flores & Prats saw social value in the structure’s preservation, not just environmental benefits. “You inherited it,” Ricardo Flores said in an interview, “you use it because you like what you see and you think it’s a treasure. Not only in terms of material quality. The social inheritance was as important as the physical inheritance.”Similar principles guide the approach of French couple Lacaton & Vassal, the Pritzker prize-winning architects who work under the rallying cry: “Never demolish, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse!” The social inheritance was as important as the physical inheritance.”Similar principles guide the approach of French couple Lacaton & Vassal, the Pritzker prize-winning architects who work under the rallying cry: “Never demolish, never remove or replace, always add, transform , and reuse!” The social legacy was just as important as the physical.” Such principles underlie the approach of the French Pritzker Prize-winning architects Lakaton and Vassall, who work under the rallying slogan: “Never tear down, never remove or replace, always add, transform.” and reuse! Social inheritance is just as important as material inheritance. ”类似的原则指导着法国夫妇Lacaton & Vassal 的方法，他们是普利兹克奖得主，他们在战斗口号下工作：“永不拆除，永不移除或替换，永远添加，改造，并重复使用！ ”类似 的 原则 指导 法国 夫妇 夫妇 lacaton & vassal 的 ， 他们 是 普利兹克 奖 得主 ， 在 战斗 下 工作 ： ： 不 拆除 永不 移除 替换 ， 永远 添加 ， ， 并 重复 使用！！！ 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 使用 A similar principle underlies the approach of the Pritzker Prize-winning French couple Lacaton and Vassall, who work under the slogan: “Never demolish, never remove or replace, always add, remake and reuse!” “ Their rebuilding of post-war housing estates in Paris and Bordeaux has set new standards for low-energy retrofits, improved thermal performance of buildings and, most importantly, allowed existing residents to live there while work is underway. From social housing to stays in art centers, the duo always start by taking a critical look at existing fabrics, asking how they can be improved at minimal cost. In the early 2000s, when the French government allocated €167,000 to demolish and rebuild each apartment, they thought they could redesign, expand and modernize three equally sized apartments. They proved this by working with Frédéric Druot on the refurbishment of the 1960s Tour Bois-le-Prêtre, removing the old precast concrete cladding and wrapping the apartment in a three-meter layer of conservatory, providing added comfort and thermal protection to the living space. As Ann Lacaton says: “Demolition is a simple and short term solution. It results in the loss of many things – waste of energy, waste of materials and waste of history. In addition, it has a very negative social impact, acts of violence.”
This philosophy of understatement can also be found in the work of the London studio DK-CM, especially in their master plan for the Harrow Arts Center located on the Victorian school campus, which is also featured in this book. To create a new art object, the architects did not begin to transfer existing objects to temporary buildings for a huge amount of money, but carefully re-planned the territory and developed a phased approach over six years. Construction decisions were made based on how to cut overheads and minimize the environmental impact of construction and future maintenance through a strategic refurbishment plan and lightweight inserts – “it’s more like construction than operation.” The design process, Lang said. Preservation and reuse is on the rise. No longer viewed as an economic necessity or a last resort for marginal environmental goals, renovations have become ideal for progressive clients. This month, the London School of Economics announced the winner of its latest £120m international competition to add the ‘last piece’ to its campus. Following a recent series of massive brick, glass, steel and concrete giants designed by star architects, the LSE appointed David Chipperfield precisely because he proposed to preserve as much of the existing 1902 building on the site as possible. Chipperfield said holding should be seen as “not a commitment” but “a commitment to a more inventive and responsible approach to our future based on the wise use of existing material and cultural capital.” Will M&S take note, and reconsider its carbon-hungry plans? Will M&S take note, and reconsider its carbon-hungry plans? Примет ли M&S к сведению и пересмотрит ли свои планы по сокращению выбросов углерода? Will M&S take note and rethink its carbon reduction plans? M&S 会注意到并重新考虑其耗碳计划吗？ M&S Примет ли M&S к сведению и пересмотрит свой углеродный план? Will M&S take note and revise its carbon plan?