whether the structure is suitable for steel structure

steel structure is usually used in high-rise buildings, long-span, complex shape, heavy load or crane lifting capacity, large vibration, high-temperature workshop, high sealing requirements, movable or frequently assembled and dismantled structures.Intuitively speaking: super high-rise public buildings, long-span public buildings, bridges, TV towers, warehouses, industrial plants and temporary buildings.This is consistent with the characteristics of steel structure itself.

Structural selection and layout

       In the whole process of steel structure design, “conceptual design” should be emphasized, especially in the stage of structural selection and layout.For some problems that are difficult to make accurate and rational analysis or not specified in the code, the layout and detailed measures of control structure can be determined from the overall point of view based on the design ideas obtained from the mechanical relationship between the overall structural system and the sub-system, failure mechanism, earthquake damage, test phenomena and engineering experience.The use of conceptual design can quickly and effectively conceive, compare and choose in the early stage.The obtained structural schemes are easy to calculate by hand, clear in concept and correct in quality, and can avoid unnecessary tedious calculation in the structural analysis stage.At the same time, it is also the main basis to judge whether the output data of computer internal force analysis is reliable or not.

       Sometimes, the direction of load transfer can be adjusted to meet different requirements for the arrangement of secondary beams in the floor plan of frame structure.Generally, in order to reduce the cross-section, secondary beams are arranged along the short direction, but this will increase the section of the main beam, reduce the clear height of the floor, and sometimes the side columns on the top floor can not be consumed. At this time, supporting the secondary beam on the shorter main beam can sacrifice the secondary beam to keep the main beam and column.

       The design of connection joint is one of the important contents in steel structure design.Before the structural analysis, the form of node should be fully considered and determined.It is often the case that the final design node is not completely consistent with the form used in the structural analysis model, which must be avoided.According to the different force transmission characteristics, the joints are divided into rigid connection, hinged connection and semi-rigid connection.Beginners should choose the first two which can be analyzed quantitatively.

       Different connections have great influence on the structure.For example, although there is no problem for some rigid joints to bear bending moment, it will produce large rotation, which does not conform to the assumption in structural analysis.It will lead to the adverse result that the actual engineering deformation is greater than the calculated data.

       There are two common methods of connection node design: equal strength design and actual stress design. Beginners can choose the former safely.In the design manual of steel structure, there are usually tables of weld and bolt connection for designers to check, which is more convenient.It can also be done automatically by using the post-processing part of structural software.

       The steel structure design drawing is divided into two stages: design drawing and construction detail drawing. The design drawing is provided for the design unit, mainly the schematic diagram and the bar sketch map.The detailed construction drawing is usually carried out by the steel structure professional manufacturing company according to the design drawing.